PHYTOLOGIA BALCANICA

Instructions to authors

Phytologia Balcanica (Phytol. Balcan.) is an international journal which publishes original scientific articles and communications concerned with the following fields of study: taxonomy or biosystematics of plants an fungi, chorology, floristics, evolution, phytocoenology, palaeobotany, palynology, plant anatomy, embryology, ecology, monitoring, biology and chemistry of medicinal and aromatic plants. 
Papers submitted for publication or their essential content should not have been published earlier, or be under consideration for publication elsewhere. 
All manuscripts will be reviewed by an anonymous reviewer in the research area. Copy of the reviewer’s comments will be returned to the author(s). The Editorial Board reserves the right to accept or reject the submitted material. Manuscripts other than Special Papers are generally published in the order of receipt of the final accepted version.
An electronic version of the paper in English should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief on the following address: phytolbalcan@gmail.com
The manuscript should not exceed 25 standard typewritten pages, including all illustrations. After a satisfactory peer review by at least one expert, the authors will be asked to return within a month the corrected version of the manuscript.
Authors submitting a paper are encouraged to send also (preferably electronically) 1-3 high-quality colour photographs of plants, subject of their paper, to be used on the front cover of the journal. If any photograph is selected, the author will receive a free copy of that volume of the journal.

Copyright
To maintain and protect the ownership and rights of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, BAS (the Publisher of Phytologia Balcanica), and to protect the authors from misappropriation of their work, Phytologia Balcanica requires that the corresponding author signs a Copyright Assignment Form on behalf of all co-authors. The Copyright Assignment Form can be downloaded from the journal’s website or sent by the Secretary of the Editorial Board on request. The signed Form must be submitted together with the final version of the manuscript. The copyright covers the full period of copyright and all renewals, extensions, revisions and revivals, together with all accrued rights of action throughout the world in any form and in any language (including all media, both presently known or later developed). The authors retain all proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent and trade mark rights and rights to any process or procedure described in the Article. Also, authors may use their own figures in any other works, provided that an acknowledgement of the original place of publication in the journal is given.

The manuscripts should conform to the following requirements:
1. Title. The title should be informative and as short as possible. Write the title in bold and use italics only for the plant names. Do not add authority to species names in the title; include family name in parenthesis after the species name. Below title, list each author’s first name, middle initial and surname. Include a superscription number after an author’s name to indicate different addresses after the title. The full postal and e-mail address(es) of the author(s) should be provided immediately after the title and name(s) of the author(s).
•	running title: the authors must provide a short title, up to 65 characters including spaces, to appear as a header.
2. Abstract. The abstract should be written as a single paragraph. It should not exceed 7-8 lines. Do not include authority in the names of the taxa, with the exception of gen. nova, sp. nova, subsp. nova, var. nova, comb. nova, st. nova etc.
3. Key words. List in alphabetical order no more than 8 words or phrases identifying the subject matter of the article. Full stop shall not be used after the last key word.
Text
4. It is advisable to divide the text into: Introduction, Material and methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, and References. Write all main headings in bold. 
5. The text must be typed using 12 Times New Roman or Arial, 1.5 line spaced, without underlining, on A4 or equivalent paper format with no less than 3 cm margins on all sides. All pages should be numbered sequentially. The electronic version of the text should not be formatted, except for the italicised scientific plant names and some words or phrases, if any, the authors wish specially to emphasise.
6. Scientific plant names, irrespective of rank, should be given in italics. The author’s name should be written in normal print at least once, when mentioned for the first time in the text or in a table, and should be omitted subsequently. They should be abbreviated in conformity with the Authors of plant names, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Brummitt & Powell 1992). After the first mention, the generic name should be abbreviated to its initial, except where its use causes confusion. 
7. Bibliographical references in the text should be cited in the following form: single author: Ivanov (1990) or (Ivanov 1990), Ivanov (in press) or (Ivanov in press), two authors: Ivanov & Petrov (1995) or (Ivanov & Petrov 1995), or if the page is stated: Petrov & Ivanov (1999: 26) or (Petrov & Ivanov 1999: 26), in case of more than two authors: Petrov & al. (1998) or (Petrov & al. 1998), several references by the same author(s) published in the same year: Petrov (2000a, b) or (Petrov 2000a, b). References in the text should be cited in chronological, not in alphabetical order: Petrov (2000), Antonov (2001), Dimitrov (2001), Ivanov (2002), or (Petrov 2000, 2003; Dimitrov 2001; Antonov 2001, 2004; Ivanov 2002, in press). The names of all authors cited in the text shall be written in normal print. All bibliographical references quoted in the text should be listed at the end of the manuscript, under the heading References, in a format strictly analogous to the examples below. material in preparation or unpublished cannot be included in the reference list, and can only be referred to in the text using the author(s) name(s) followed by “unpubl.” or “pers. comm.”.
8. Keys. Dichotomous keys are preferrable. 
9. Description of the new taxa. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the Latin description or diagnosis and the Editor does not check them. Consult a Latin scholar as well as the latest edition of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature permanently.
● Type specimens of the new taxa must be deposited in public herbaria, where they are permanently preserved and accessible to other researches. The herbaria must be cited by their official acronyms, as given in Holmgren et al. (1990) and/or Holmgren & Holmgren: Index Herbariorum: http://www.nybg.org.bsci/ih.html. Bulgarian authors are kindly asked to deposit type specimens in the Herbarium of the Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, IBER (SOM).
10. Citing collections. The list of studied collections must be arranged geographically or alphabetically with respect to the countries; when citing specimens from one country, geographical or floristic region arrangements are preferable (e.g. for Bulgarian collections following the 20 known floristic regions). Whenever available, the floristic region, map coordinates, and elevation should be included, as well as the number of herbarium specimen and the herbarium acronym. The Bulgarian authors are strongly encouraged to deposit the specimens confirming the new chorological data of the taxa in the Herbarium of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (SOM).
11. Tables. Tables should be printed on separate pages and numbered with Arabic numerals in the order in which they are cited in the text (e.g. Table 2). They must have brief, concise titles and legends that will make the general meaning of the table comprehensible. The titles should be placed at the top of the tables. Explanatory footnotes may be placed below the table written with superscript lowercase letters. All abbreviations must be explained in the legends.
12. Illustrations. They are photographs, graphs, drawings, diagrams, maps, schemes and must be sharp and of high quality. They should be designated as figures (abbreviations: Fig., Figs) and numbered with Arabic numerals (e.g. Fig. 1). The author should specify their place in the text. All illustrations must be submitted electronically and should have titles and (or) legends which should be written consecutively on a separate sheet; this is valid for plates too. Printed copies of all figures, tables and plates must also be submitted. Write the author(s) name(s), title of the manuscript and figure number(s) on the back of each illustration. The maximum size of one-column figure is 8.3 × 22.4 cm, and the full page figure is 17.2 × 22.4 cm (incl. pallynological diagrams). 
•	The photographs (microphotographs, SEM photographs or photographs of fossil samples) and drawings can be also arranged in plates and should be designated by Roman numerals, while the individual photographs are designated by Arabic numerals (Plate I, Fig. 1). Submit all figures in their final size. For all figures the bar scale is given on the figure or in the legend. Any signs and letters in the illustrations must be large enough to be read without problem. Hand-written signs and letters are not accepted.
•	Colour illustrations will be accepted after preliminary agreement with the Editorial Board.
13. Abbreviations are discouraged except for measurement units recommended by the International Unit System (SI), standard chemical symbols, names of chemicals or statistical terms, where these are in general use. Other abbreviations should be spelled out at first mention and all terms must be written out in full when used to start a sentence. 
14. Corrections. A single set of proof print shall be sent once for control and, except upon contrary instructions, to the first or corresponding author. The authors are expected to correct them carefully and return them within a week. Only typographical errors might be improved. 
15. Reprints. For each article 20 free of charge off-prints are provided. These will be dispatched to the first (corresponding) author. No payment is due to the authors. 
16. Special papers. These are mostly invited papers or reviews of limited scope and will not be reviewed.
17. Book reviews. Books for review shall be sent to the Editor-in-chief.
18. References at the end of the article.
•	Only published or accepted for publication articles should be included.
•	The authors must verify all entries against original sources.
•	Citations should be listed in alphabetical order by the first author’s surname. Single-author titles precede multiauthored titles by the same senior author, regardless of date. 
•	Works by the same author(s) should be listed chronologically, beginning with earliest date of publication. No dashes for repeated author’s names. Use “a”, “b”, “c” etc. for works published by the same author(s) in the same year.
•	“In press” citation must be accepted for publication and the name of the journal or publisher must be included in the References.
•	Titles of papers in languages other than English, German, French or Italian should be translated into English and their original language denoted in brackets, e.g. (in Bulgarian).
•	Titles of periodicals should be abbreviated in conformity with Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum (B-P-H), Pittsburgh (Lawrence & al. 1968), and its Supplementum, Pittsburgh (Bridson & Smith 1991). The abbreviation of Phytologia Balcanica is Phytol. Balcan. If there is no abbreviation, use the full name.
•	The number of the volume (in bold) and issues (in brackets and normal print) should be written in Arabic numerals, irrespective of their original designation.
The Bulgarian names should be translated into English in accordance with Transliteration Act, SG, No 19 of 13 March 2009, amend., SG, No 77 of 1 October 2010.
•	Insert a period and no space after each initial of an author’s name. Write the author’s name(s) in bold normal print.

Journal articles
Doebley, J., Bothmer, R. & Larson, S. 1992. Chloroplast DNA variation at the phylogeny of Hordeum (Poaceae). – Amer. J. Bot., 79(5): 576-584.
Sax, K. & Anderson, E. 1963. Segmental interchange in chromosomes of Tradescantia. – Genetics, 18: 53-94.
González, R., Segura, A. & González, M.L. 1993. Ultrastructure of chloroplasts of pine needles exposed to industrial environment. – Biol. Pl., 35(3): 407-416.
Vassilev, P. & Andreev, N. 1992. Analysis of the Flora of the Golo Bardo Mountain. – Fitologiya, 42: 3-21 (in Bulgarian).
Ivanov, T. In press. Distribution of rare species in Bulgaria. – Phytol. Balcan., 10(1).

Extracts from collective works
Strid, A. & Franzen, R. 1981. Reports. – In: Löve, D. (ed.), Chromosome number reports 73. – Taxon, 30(4): 829-842. 
During, H.J. 1992. Ecological classification of bryophytes and lichens. – In: Bates, J.W. & Farmer, A.M. (eds), Bryophytes and lichens in a changing environment, pp. 1-31. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 
Ivanova, D. 2003. Reports (1328-1333). – In: Kamari, G., Blanché, C. & Garbari, F. (eds), Mediterranean chromosome number reports 13. – Fl. Medit., 13: 354-361.
Markova, M. 1987. Karyological study of Bulgarian taxa from the genus Thymus L. I. – In: Kuzmanov, B. (ed.), Proc. Fourth Natl. Conf. Bot., Sofia 1987. Vol. 1, pp. 38-45. Sofia.
Books
Loon, J.C. van. 1987. A Cytotaxonomical Atlas of the Balkan Flora. Springer, Berlin & Stuttgart.
Danin, A. 1983. Desert Vegetation of Israel and Sinai. Univ. Press, Jerusalem.
Moore, D.M. (ed.). 1982. Flora Europaea Check-List and Chromosome Index. Acad. Press, Cambridge.

Floras
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1924. Flora of Bulgaria. Vol. 1. State Printing House, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1925. Flora of Bulgaria. Vol. 2. State Printing House, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1933. Flora of Bulgaria. Ed. 2. Guttenberg Press, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Stojanov, N. & Stefanov, B. 1948. Flora of Bulgaria. Ed. 3. Univ. Press, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B. 1966. Flora of Bulgaria. Ed. 4, vol. 1. Naouka & Izkoustvo, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B. 1967. Flora of Bulgaria. Ed. 4, vol. 2. Naouka & Izkoustvo, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Kozhuharov, S. (ed.). 1992. Field Guide to the Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Naouka & Izkoustvo, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Markova, M. 1992. Potentilla L. – In: Kozhuharov, S. (ed.), Field Guide to the Vascular Plants in Bulgaria. Pp. 686-692. Naouka & Izkoustvo, Sofia (in Bulgarian).
Petrova, A. 1979. Linaceae S. F. Gray. – In: Jordanov, D. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 7, pp. 79-110. In Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae (in Bulgarian).
Assenov, I. 1982. Conium L. – In: Velchev, V. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 8, pp. 99-102. In Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae (in Bulgarian).
Anchev, M. 1989. Galium L. – In: Velchev, V. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Bulgaricae. Vol. 9, pp. 42-96. In Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae, Serdicae (in Bulgarian).
Peev, D. 1995. Veronica L. – In: Kozhuharov, S. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Bulgaricae. Vol. 10, pp. 142-189. Editio Acad. “Prof. Marin Drinov”, Serdicae (in Bulgarian).
Kollmann, F. 1984. Allium L. – In: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 8, pp. 98-211. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
Hansen, A. 1976. Dipsacus L. – In: Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds), Flora Europaea. Vol. 4, pp. 58-59. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

PhD and DSc Theses
Petkova-Varadinova, D. 2002. Biosystematic study of the genus Crepis L. (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria. PhD Thesis. Inst. Bot., Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia (in Bulgarian, unpubl.). 
Palamarev, E. 1991. Composition, structure and main stages in the evolution of Miocene palaeoflora in Bulgaria. DSc Thesis. Inst. Bot., Bulg. Acad. Sci., Sofia (in Bulgarian, unpubl.).

On-line publicarions
Bennett, M.D. & Leitch, I.Y. 2003. Plant DNA C-values Database (release 2.0). – http://www.rbkew.org.uk/cval/homepage.html (accessed 20.08.2004).